Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: Overcoming Treatment Resistance through Novel Treatment Approaches

Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: Overcoming Treatment Resistance through Novel Treatment Approaches

The current standard of care for metastatic urothelial carcinoma is cisplatin-based chemotherapy but treatment is generally not curative. Mechanisms of resistance to conventional cytotoxic regimens include tumor cell drug efflux pumps, intracellular anti-oxidants, and enhanced anti-apoptotic signaling. Blockade of signaling pathways with small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors has produced dr...

Recent advances in treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma.

GC (cisplatin and gemcitabine) and MVAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, Adriamycin [doxorubicin], and cisplatin) have been the standard systemic chemotherapy in advanced urothelial carcinoma. These regimens have shown significant response rates in this patient population. Nevertheless, disease does recur with most patients who unfortunately do succumb to the disease. Research efforts are focused in...

Novel treatment approaches for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

Despite decades of research, pancreatic cancer remains essentially incurable for patients with unresectable tumors. In the United States, most patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer are treated with chemotherapy alone or combined with conventionally fractionated radiotherapy. Regardless of the treatment strategy, average survival for these patients is less than 1 year, indicating that...

Novel immunotherapy approaches for metastatic urothelial and renal cell carcinoma

The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial carcinoma (UC) remains a major challenge. Past research has implicated the immune system in tumor surveillance of both malignancies, leading to the application of immunotherapy agents for both cancers. Among them, the most promising agents are the checkpoint blockade drugs, such as antibodies targeting the cytotoxic T-lymphoc...

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